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- Network Working Group C. Malamud
- Request for Comments: 1528 Internet Multicasting Service
- Obsoletes: 1486 M. Rose
- Category: Experimental Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
- October 1993
-
-
- Principles of Operation for the TPC.INT Subdomain:
- Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
- community. It does not specify an Internet standard. Discussion and
- suggestions for improvement are requested. Please refer to the
- current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" for the
- standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction .......................................... 2
- 2. Naming, Addressing, and Routing ....................... 2
- 2.1 Addressing ........................................... 2
- 2.2 Routing .............................................. 3
- 3. Procedure ............................................. 3
- 3.1 Content-Types ........................................ 4
- 3.2 Generating a Cover-Sheet ............................. 4
- 3.3 Return Receipt ....................................... 6
- 4. Usage Examples ........................................ 6
- 4.1 Explicit Cover Sheet ................................. 6
- 4.2 Implicit Cover Sheet ................................. 7
- 4.3 Minimal, Text-only ................................... 7
- 5. Prototype Implementation .............................. 7
- 6. Future Issues ......................................... 9
- 7. Security Considerations ............................... 9
- 8. Acknowledgements ...................................... 9
- 9. References ............................................ 9
- 10. Authors' Addresses .................................. 10
- A. The application/remote-printing Content-Type ......... 11
- B. The image/tiff Content-Type .......................... 12
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- Although electronic mail is preferable as a means of third-party
- communication, in some cases it may be necessary to print
- information, in hard-copy form, at a remote location. The remote
- output device may consist of a standard line printer, a printer with
-
-
-
- Malamud & Rose [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
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- multiple fonts and faces, a printer that can reproduce graphics, or a
- facsimile device. Remote output may be accompanied by information
- that identifies the intended recipient. This memo describes a
- technique for "remote printing" using the Internet mail
- infrastructure. In particular, this memo focuses on the case in
- which remote printers are connected to the international telephone
- network.
-
- 2. Naming, Addressing, and Routing
-
- A printer is identified by a telephone number which corresponds to a
- G3-facsimile device connected to the international telephone network,
- e.g.,
-
- +1 415 968 2510
-
- where "+1" indicates the IDDD country code, and the remaining string
- is a telephone number within that country.
-
- 2.1 Addressing
-
- This number is used to construct the address of a remote printer
- server, which forms the recipient address for the message, e.g.,
- either
-
- remote-printer@0.1.5.2.8.6.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
-
- or
-
- remote-printer.ATOM@0.1.5.2.8.6.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
-
- where "ATOM" is an (optional) RFC 822 atom [1], an opaque string for
- use in recipient identification when generating a cover-sheet, and
- the domain-part is constructed by reversing the telephone number,
- converting each digit to a domain-label, and being placed under
- "tpc.int."
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
-
- Note that the mailbox syntax is purposefully restricted in the
- interests of pragmatism. To paraphrase RFC 822, an atom is defined
- as:
-
- atom = 1*atomchar
-
- atomchar= <any upper or lowercase alphabetic character
- (A-Z a-z)>
- / <any digit (0-9)>
- / "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*" / "+"
- / "-" / "/" / "=" / "?" / "^" / "_" / "`" / "{"
- / "|" / "}" / "~"
-
- Finally, note that some Internet mail software (especially gateways
- from outside the Internet) impose stringent limitations on the size
- of a mailbox-string. Thus, originating user agents should take care
- in limiting the local-part to no more than 70 or so characters.
-
- 2.2 Routing
-
- The message is routed in exactly the same fashion as all other
- electronic mail, i.e., using the MX algorithm [2]. Since a remote
- printer server might be able to access many printers, the wildcarding
- facilities of the DNS [3,4] are used accordingly. For example, if a
- remote printer server residing at "dbc.mtview.ca.us" was willing to
- access any printer with a telephone number prefix of
-
- +1 415 968
-
- then this resource record might be present
-
- *.8.6.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int. IN MX 10 dbc.mtview.ca.us.
-
- Naturally, if several remote printer servers were willing to access
- any printer in that prefix, multiple MX resource records would be
- present.
-
- It should be noted that the presence of a wildcard RR which matches a
- remote printer server's address does not imply that the corresponding
- telephone number is valid, or, if valid, that a G3-facsimile device
- is connected at the phone number.
-
- 3. Procedure
-
- When information is to be remotely printed, the user application
- constructs an RFC 822 message, containing a "Message-ID" field.
-
-
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-
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
-
- If the local-part of the address does not contain an opaque string
- for use in recipient identification, then the body must consist
- "multipart/mixed" content [5] having at two parts, the first being a
- "application/remote-printing" content-type (defined in Appendix A),
- which will be used to generate a cover-sheet, and the second being an
- arbitrary content-type corresponding to the information to be
- printed. If the local-part of the address does contain an opaque
- string for use in recipient identification, then the body consists of
- an arbitrary content-type corresponding to the information to be
- printed.
-
- Regardless, the message is then sent to the remote printer server's
- electronic mail address.
-
- 3.1 Content-Types
-
- It should be noted that not all content-types have a natural printing
- representation, e.g., an "audio" or "video" content. For this
- reason, the second part of the "multipart/mixed" content should be
- one of the following:
-
- text/plain, message/rfc822, application/postscript image/tiff
- (defined in Appendix B), any multipart.
-
- Note that:
-
- (1) With the "text/plain" content-type, not all character
- sets may be available for printing.
-
- (2) With the "message" content-type, the subordinate content
- will be processed recursively.
-
- (3) With the "application/postscript" content-type, the
- remote printer server should evaluate the contents in a
- safe execution environment.
-
- (4) With the "multipart" content-type the subordinate contents
- will be processed recursively: for a "multipart/mixed" or
- "multipart/digest" content, each subordinate content will
- start on a new page, whilst for a "multipart/parallel" content,
- all subordinate contents will, if possible, start on the same
- page. Naturally, when processing a "multipart/alternative"
- content, only one subordinate content will be printed.
-
- 3.2 Generating a Cover-Sheet
-
- If the "application/remote-printing" content-type is present,
- this contains all the information necessary to generate a
-
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
-
- cover-sheet. Otherwise, the cover-sheet must be generated
- based on other information available.
-
- Typically, a cover sheet consists of three sections:
-
- o information identifying the originator;
-
- o information identifying the recipient; and,
-
- o additional information supplied by the remote printer
- server.
-
- To identify the originator, the remote printer server will use the
- message headers, usually by stripping any trace headers (i.e.,
- "Received" and "Return-Path") and then re-ordering the remaining
- headers starting with the "From" header.
-
- To identify the recipient, the opaque string from the local- part of
- the remote printer server's address is consulted. For example, if
- the remote printer server's address is
-
- remote-printer.Arlington_Hewes/Room_403@0.1.5.2.8.6.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
-
- then the opaque string
-
- Arlington_Hewes/Room_403
-
- is consulted. lp When generating a cover-sheet using this opaque
- string, the remote printer server will interpret an underscore
- character ("_") as a space, and a solidus character ("/") as an end-
- of-line sequence. A remote printer server will interpret two
- consecutive underscore characters in the opaque string as a single
- underscore, and two consecutive solidus characters as a single
- solidus. So, the opaque string,
-
- Arlington_Hewes/Room_403
-
- might appear on the cover-sheet as
-
- To: Arlington Hewes
- Room 403
-
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
-
- 3.3 Return Receipt
-
- When the remote printer server finishes its processing, a message is
- returned to the originator, indicating either success (i.e., the
- message was successfully sent to the facsimile device), or failure,
- with an explanation (e.g., after several repeated attempts, there was
- no answer).
-
- 4. Usage Examples
-
- 4.1 Explicit Cover Sheet
-
- To: remote-printer@0.1.5.2.8.6.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
- From: Carl Malamud <carl@malamud.com>
- Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 08:38:00 -0800
- Subject: First example
- Message-ID: <19930722163800.1@malamud.com>
- MIME-Version: 1.0
- Content-Type: multipart/mixed;
- boundary="----- =_aaaaaaaaaa0"
-
- ------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0
- Content-Type: application/remote-printing
-
- Recipient: Arlington Hewes
- Telephone: +1 415 968 1052
- Facsimile: +1 415 968 2510
-
- Originator: Carl Malamud
- Organization: Internet Multicasting Service
- Address: Suite 1155, The National Press Building
- Washington, DC 20045
- US
- Telephone: +1 202 628 2044
- Facsimile: +1 202 628 2042
- EMail: carl@malamud.com
-
- Any text appearing here would go on the cover-sheet.
-
- ------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0
- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
-
- Here are my comments...
-
- ------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0--
-
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 6]
-
- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
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- 4.2 Implicit Cover Sheet
-
- To:remote-printer.Arlington_Hewes/Room_403@0.1.5.2.8.6.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
- cc: Marshall Rose <mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us>
- From: Carl Malamud <carl@malamud.com>
- Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 08:38:00 -0800
- Subject: Second example
- Message-ID: <19930722163800.2@malamud.com>
- MIME-Version: 1.0
- Content-Type: application/postscript
-
- %!
-
- Note that in this latter example, both remote printing and e-mail
- recipients can be identified in the same message.
-
- 4.3 Minimal, Text-only
-
- To:remote-printer.Arlington_Hewes/Room_403@0.1.5.2.8.6.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
- cc: Marshall Rose <mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us>
- From: Carl Malamud <carl@malamud.com>
- Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 08:38:00 -0800
- Subject: Third example
- Message-ID: <19930722163800.3@malamud.com>
-
- Here are my comments...
-
- 5. Prototype Implementation
-
- A prototype implementation is openly available. The MIME
- instructions for retrieval are:
-
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 7]
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- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
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- MIME-Version: 1.0
- Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
- boundary="----- =_aaaaaaaaaa0"
- Content-Description: pointers to ftp and e-mail access
-
- ------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0
- Content-Type: message/external-body;
- access-type="mail-server";
- server="archive-server@ftp.ics.uci.edu"
-
- Content-Type: application/octet-stream; type="tar";
- x-conversions="x-compress"
- Content-ID: <4599.735726126.1@dbc.mtview.ca.us>
-
- mimesend mrose/tpc/rp.tar.Z
-
- ------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0
- Content-Type: message/external-body;
- access-type="anon-ftp"; name="rp.tar.Z";
- directory="mrose/tpc"; site="ftp.ics.uci.edu"
-
- Content-Type: application/octet-stream; type="tar";
- x-conversions="x-compress"
- Content-ID: <4599.735726126.2@dbc.mtview.ca.us>
-
- ------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0--
-
- This package contains software for UNIX-based systems, and was
- developed and tested under SunOS, with an openly-available facsimile
- package (Sam Leffler's FlexFAX package), and contains information for
- sites acting as either client or server participants, and zone
- administrators.
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 8]
-
- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
-
- 6. Future Issues
-
- Note that several issues are not addressed, e.g.,
-
- o determining which content-types and character sets are
- supported by a remote printer server;
-
- o introduction of authentication, integrity, privacy,
- authorization, and accounting services;
-
- o preferential selection of a remote printer server; and,
-
- o aggregation of multiple print recipients in a single
- message.
-
- Subsequent work might consider these issues in detail.
-
- 7. Security Considerations
-
- Internet mail may be subject to monitoring by third parties, and in
- particular, message relays.
-
- 8. Acknowledgements
-
- This document is based on RFC 1486, "An Experiment in Remote
- Printing".
-
- 9. References
-
- [1] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
- Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDEL, August 1982.
-
- [2] Partridge, C., "Mail Routing and the Domain System" STD 14, RFC
- 974, CSNET CIC BBN, January 1986.
-
- [3] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names -- Concepts and Facilities", STD
- 13, RFC 1034, USC/Information Sciences Institute, November 1987).
-
- [4] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names -- Implementation and
- Specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, USC/Information Sciences
- Institute, November 1987.
-
- [5] Borenstein, N., and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
- Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing
- the Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1521, Bellcore,
- Innosoft, September 1993.
-
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 9]
-
- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
-
- 10. Authors' Addresses
-
- Carl Malamud
- Internet Multicasting Service
- Suite 1155, The National Press Building
- Washington, DC 20045
- US
-
- Phone: +1 202 628 2044
- Fax: +1 202 628 2042
- Email: carl@malamud.com
-
-
- Marshall T. Rose
- Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
- 420 Whisman Court
- Mountain View, CA 94043-2186
- US
-
- Phone: +1 415 968 1052
- Fax: +1 415 968 2510
- Email: mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 10]
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- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
-
- Appendix A. The application/remote-printing Content-Type
-
- (1) MIME type name: application
-
- (2) MIME subtype name: remote-printing
-
- (3) Required parameters: none
-
- (4) Optional parameters: none
-
- (5) Encoding considerations: 7bit preferred
-
- (6) Security considerations: none
-
- (7) Specification:
-
- The "application/remote-printing" content-type contains originator
- and recipient information used when generating a cover-sheet. Using
- the ABNF notation of RFC 822, the syntax for this content is:
-
- <content> ::= <recipient-info> CRLF
- <originator-info>
- [CRLF <cover-info>]
-
- <recipient-info> ::= "Recipient" ":" <value> CRLF
- <address-info>
- <originator-info> ::= "Originator" ":" <value> CRLF
- <address-info>
-
- <address-info> ::= ["Title" ":" <value> CRLF]
- ["Department" ":" <value> CRLF]
- ["Organization" ":" <value> CRLF]
- ["Mailstop" ":" <value> CRLF]
- ["Address" ":" <value> CRLF]
- ["Telephone" ":" <value> CRLF]
- "Facsimile" ":" <value> CRLF
- ["Email" ":" <value> CRLF]
- <value> ::= *text
- [CRLF LWSP-char <value> ]
-
- <cover-info> ::= *(*text CRLF)
-
- Note that the value of the "Email" field is an RFC 822 mailbox
- address.
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 11]
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- RFC 1528 Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures October 1993
-
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- Appendix B. The image/tiff Content-Type
-
- (1) MIME type name: image
-
- (2) MIME subtype name: tiff
-
- (3) Required parameters: none
-
- (4) Optional parameters: none
-
- (5) Encoding considerations: base64
-
- (6) Security considerations: none
-
- (7) Published specification: TIFF class F, as defined in:
-
- Tag Image File Format (TIFF) revision 6.0
-
- Developer's Desk
- Aldus Corporation
- 411 First Ave. South
- Suite 200
- Seattle, WA 98104
- 206-622-5500
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- Malamud & Rose [Page 12]
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